Gabatarwa

(Cajin Bull and Fearless Girl Sculpture a New York)

Hotunan tagulla na daga cikin manyan ayyukan fasaha da suka dawwama a duniya. Ana iya samun su a gidajen tarihi, wuraren shakatawa, da tarin masu zaman kansu a duk faɗin duniya. Tun daga zamanin d ¯ a Girka da na Romawa zuwa yau, an yi amfani da ƙanana da manyan sassa na tagulla don bikin jarumai, da tunawa da al'amuran tarihi, da kuma kawo kyan gani ga kewayenmu.

Bari mu bincika wasu shahararrun sassa na tagulla a duniya. Za mu tattauna tarihinsu, waɗanda suka yi su, da kuma muhimmancin su. Za mu kuma leka kasuwan da ake sayar da sassaken tagulla, da kuma inda za a iya samun mutum-mutumin tagulla na sayarwa.

Don haka ko kai mai sha'awar tarihin fasaha ne ko kuma kawai godiya ga kyawawan sassaken tagulla da aka ƙera, wannan labarin na ku ne.

Mutum-mutumin Hadin kai

Mutum-mutumin Haɗin kai a Gujarat, Indiya, abin al'ajabi ne na tagulla mai ban sha'awa kuma mutum-mutumi mafi tsayi a duniya, yana tsaye a mita 182 (ƙafa 597). Bayar da mubaya'a ga Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, jigo a fafutukar 'yancin kai na Indiya, ya baje kolin sana'a na ban mamaki.

Auna nauyin tan 2,200 mai ban mamaki, kwatankwacin kusan jet jumbo 5, yana nuna girman mutum-mutumin da bajintar injiniya. Kudin samar da wannan babban mutum-mutumin tagulla ya kai kusan crore 2,989 na Indiya (kimanin dalar Amurka miliyan 400), yana mai jaddada kudirin gwamnati na girmama gadon Patel.

Ginin wanda ya dauki shekaru hudu ana kammala shi, ya kawo karshe a kaddamar da shi a bainar jama'a a ranar 31 ga Oktoba, 2018, wanda ya yi daidai da cikar Patel shekaru 143 da haihuwa. Mutum-mutumin Haɗin kai yana tsaye a matsayin alamar haɗin kai, ƙarfi, da ruhin dawwama na Indiya, yana jawo miliyoyin baƙi a matsayin alamar al'adu da tarihi.

Duk da yake Asalin Mutum-mutumi na Haɗin kai ba wani mutum-mutumi na tagulla ba ne don siyarwa, ya kasance babban abin tarihi na al'adu da tarihi wanda ke jawo baƙi daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Kasancewarta mai girma, ƙayyadaddun ƙira, da bayanai masu ban sha'awa sun sa ya zama abin yabo mai ban mamaki ga shugaba da ake girmamawa da kuma abin al'ajabi na gine-gine wanda ya cancanci fuskantar kansa.

L'Homme Au Doigt

(Mai Nuni)

L'Homme au doigt, wanda ɗan wasan Switzerland Alberto Giacometti ya ƙirƙira, wani babban zane ne na tagulla wanda ke bakin ƙofar Fondation Maeght a Saint-Paul-de-Vence, Faransa.

Wannan zane-zane na tagulla yana tsaye da tsayin mita 3.51 (ƙafa 11.5), yana nuna siriri mai siriri tare da miƙon hannu yana nuna gaba. Ƙwarewar fasahar Giacometti da binciken jigogi masu wanzuwa sun bayyana a cikin girman girman sassaken.

Duk da bayyanarsa, sassaken yana auna kusan kilogiram 230 (fam 507), yana nuna duka karko da tasirin gani. Duk da yake ba a san ainihin farashin samarwa ba, ayyukan Giacometti sun ba da umarnin farashi mai yawa a kasuwar fasaha, tare da "L'Homme au Doigt" ya kafa rikodin a cikin 2015 a matsayin mafi tsada sassa da aka sayar a gwanjo kan dala miliyan 141.3.

Tare da mahimmancinsa na al'adu da fasaha, sassaken ya ci gaba da ƙarfafawa da jan hankalin baƙi, yana gayyatar tunani da tunani.

Mai Tunani

"Mai tunani," ko "Le Penseur" a cikin Faransanci, wani zane-zane ne na Auguste Rodin, wanda aka nuna a wurare daban-daban a duniya, ciki har da Musée Rodin a Paris. Wannan ƙwararriyar zane tana nuna wani mutum a zaune a nutse cikin tunani, wanda aka sani da ƙayyadaddun filla-filla da ɗaukar ƙarfin tunanin ɗan adam.

Rodin ya sadaukar da shekaru da yawa don samar da aiki mai zurfi na "The Thinker," yana nuna sadaukarwarsa ga fasaha. Duk da yake babu takamaiman farashin samarwa, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun sassaken na nuna babban saka hannun jari.

An sayar da simintin gyare-gyare na "The Thinker" a farashi daban-daban. A cikin 2010, wani simintin tagulla ya ɗauko kusan dala miliyan 15.3 a gwanjon, wanda ke nuna ƙimarsa mai girma a kasuwar fasaha.

Alamar ikon tunani da neman ilimi, "Mai tunani" yana ɗauke da mahimmin al'adu da fasaha. Yana ci gaba da ƙarfafa masu sauraro a duniya, suna gayyatar fassarori na sirri da tunani game da yanayin ɗan adam. Ganawa da wannan sassaƙaƙƙe yana haifar da haɗin gwiwa tare da zurfin alamarsa, yana tsaye a matsayin shaida ga hazaka na fasaha na Rodin kuma ya dawwama a matsayin alama ta tunani da neman ilimi.

Bronco Buster

(Broncho Buster na Frederic Remington)

"Bronco Buster" wani zane-zane ne na zane-zane na Ba'amurke mai zane Frederic Remington, wanda aka yi bikin don hotonsa na yammacin Amurka. Ana iya samun wannan ƙwararriyar a wurare daban-daban na duniya, kamar gidajen tarihi, gidajen tarihi, da wuraren jama'a.

Nuna wani kawaye da jarumtaka yana hawan bucking bronco, "Bronco Buster" yana ɗaukar kuzarin kuzari da ruhin ban sha'awa na zamanin kan iyaka. Yana tsaye a kusan santimita 73 (inci 28.7) a tsayi kuma yana auna kusan kilo 70 (fam 154), sassaken yana misalta kulawar Remington sosai ga daki-daki da ƙware na sculpting tagulla.

Ƙirƙirar "Bronco Buster" ya ƙunshi tsari mai mahimmanci da fasaha, yana buƙatar ƙwarewa da albarkatu. Ko da yake babu takamaiman cikakkun bayanai na farashi, ingancin rayuwa irin na sassaka yana nuna babban jari a cikin lokaci da kayan aiki.

Remington ya sadaukar da ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce mai yawa don kammala ayyukansa, galibi yana ɗaukar makonni ko watanni akan guda ɗaya don tabbatar da inganci da inganci. Yayin da ainihin tsawon lokacin "Bronco Buster" ya kasance ba a fayyace ba, a bayyane yake cewa sadaukarwar Remington na inganci ta haskaka ta hanyar fasahar sa.

Tare da mahimmancin al'adu da tarihi mai zurfi, "Bronco Buster" yana wakiltar ruhi da jajircewar Yammacin Amurka. Ya fito a matsayin tambari mai ɗorewa na zamanin kan iyaka, mai jan hankalin masu sha'awar fasaha da masu sha'awar tarihi iri ɗaya.ntent

Haɗu da "Bronco Buster" a cikin gidajen tarihi, gidajen tarihi, ko wuraren jama'a yana ba da haske mai ban sha'awa a cikin daular Yammacin Amurka. Yana da wakilci mai kama da rai da ƙaƙƙarfan tsari wanda ke ƙarfafa masu kallo don haɗawa da ruhun kaboyi da kuzarin da ba a taɓa gani ba na bronco, yana ba da kyauta ga arziƙin gado na iyakar Yamma.

Dan dambe a Hutu

"Boxer at Rest," wanda kuma aka sani da "The Terme Boxer" ko "The Seated Boxer," wani gunkin tsohuwar sassaken Hellenanci ne wanda ke nuna fasaha da fasaha na zamanin Hellenistic. Wannan gagarumin zane-zane a halin yanzu yana cikin gidan Museo Nazionale Romano a Roma, Italiya.

Hoton na nuna dan damben da ya gaji da dukan tsiya a wani wurin zama, yana daukar nauyin jiki da na zuciya na wasan. Tsaye a tsayin kusan santimita 131 (inci 51.6) mai tsayi, “Boxer at Rest” an yi shi da tagulla kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilogiram 180 (fam 397), yana misalta gwanintar sassaka a wancan lokacin.

Samar da "Boxer at Rest" yana buƙatar fasaha mai zurfi da hankali ga daki-daki. Duk da yake ba a san ainihin lokacin da aka ɗauka don ƙirƙirar wannan fitacciyar ba, a bayyane yake cewa yana buƙatar ƙwarewa da ƙoƙari sosai don kama ainihin yanayin ɗan damben da yanayin yanayin tunaninsa.

Game da tsadar samarwa, ba a samun takamaiman bayanai dalla-dalla saboda dadadden asalinsa. Koyaya, sake ƙirƙira irin wannan sarƙaƙƙiya da daki-daki zai buƙaci albarkatu da ƙwarewa.

Dangane da farashin siyar da shi, a matsayin tsohon kayan tarihi, "Boxer at Rest" ba a samuwa don siyarwa a ma'anar gargajiya. Muhimmancinsa na tarihi da al'adu ya sa ya zama yanki mai ƙima, yana kiyaye gado da nasarorin fasaha na zamanin Hellenistic. Koyaya, Replicas suna samuwa don siyarwa a Gidan Marbleism.

"Boxer at Rest" yana aiki a matsayin shaida ga gwaninta na musamman da fasaha na tsoffin sculptors na Girka. Bayyanarsa na gajiyawar ɗan dambe da tsayawa tsayin daka yana haifar da jin tausayi da sha'awar ruhin ɗan adam.

Haɗuwa da “Boxer at Rest” a Museo Nazionale Romano yana ba baƙi damar hango haƙiƙan fasaha na tsohuwar Girka. Wakilci mai kama da rai da zurfin tunani yana ci gaba da jan hankalin masu sha'awar fasaha da masana tarihi, tare da adana gadon tsohowar sassaka na Girka zuwa tsararraki masu zuwa.

Yar yarinya

"The Little Mermaid" sanannen mutum-mutumin tagulla ne wanda yake a Copenhagen, Denmark, a filin shakatawa na Langelinie. Wannan zane-zane mai ban mamaki, wanda aka gina a kan tatsuniyar Hans Christian Andersen, ya zama alama ce ta birnin kuma sanannen yawon shakatawa.

Tsaye a tsayin mita 1.25 (ƙafa 4.1) kuma yana yin awo kusan kilogiram 175 (fam 385), “Ƙaramar Mermaid” tana nuna wata budurwa zaune a kan dutse, tana kallon teku. Kyawawan siffofi na mutum-mutumin da kyakkyawan matsayi suna ɗaukar ruhin tatsuniyar Andersen.

Samar da "The Little Mermaid" wani ƙoƙari ne na haɗin gwiwa. Masanin sculptor Edvard Eriksen ya kirkiro wannan mutum-mutumi ne bisa wani zane da matar Edvard, Eline Eriksen ta yi. An kaddamar da wannan sassaken a ranar 23 ga Agusta, 1913, bayan kimanin shekaru biyu na aiki.

Ci gaba da farashin samarwa na "The Little Mermaid" ba a samuwa a shirye. Duk da haka, an san cewa Carl Jacobsen, wanda ya kafa Carlsberg Breweries, ya dauki nauyin wannan mutum-mutumi, a matsayin kyauta ga birnin Copenhagen.ent.

Dangane da farashin siyarwa, "Ƙananan Mermaid" ba a yi niyya don siyarwa ba. Wani zane-zane na jama'a na birni ne da 'yan ƙasa. Muhimmancinta na al'adu da haɗin kai zuwa ga al'adun Danish sun sa ta zama alama mai kima maimakon wani abu na hada-hadar kasuwanci.

"The Little Mermaid" ya fuskanci kalubale da yawa tsawon shekaru, ciki har da barna da yunƙurin cire ko lalata mutum-mutumi. Duk da haka, ta jure kuma tana ci gaba da jan hankalin baƙi daga ko'ina cikin duniya waɗanda ke zuwa don yaba kyawunta da nutsar da kansu cikin yanayin tatsuniya.

Haɗuwa da "Ƙananan Ƙwararru" a wurin balaguron Langelinie yana ba da damar sihirin labarin Andersen ya burge shi. Ƙaunar mutum-mutumin da ba ta da lokaci da kuma alaƙarsa da adabin Danish da al'adunsa sun sa ya zama abin daraja kuma mai ɗorewa wanda ke ɗaukar tunanin duk wanda ya ziyarta.

Dokin Bronze

Abin tunawa da Doki na Bronze, wanda kuma aka sani da mutum-mutumin dawaki na Peter the Great, wani gagarumin sassaka ne da ke birnin St. Petersburg na kasar Rasha. Tana nan a Dandalin Majalisar Dattawa, filin tarihi kuma fitaccen fili a cikin birnin.

Gidan tarihin yana da wani mutum-mutumin tagulla mai girman rai fiye da girmansa na Peter Mai girma wanda aka ɗora akan dokin reno. Mutum-mutumin yana tsaye a tsayin mita 6.75 (ƙafa 22.1) mai ban sha'awa, yana ɗaukar iko mai ƙarfi da ƙudurin sarkin Rasha.

Yana auna kusan ton 20, Tushen Horseman na Bronze abin mamaki ne na injiniya. Yana buƙatar ƙwarewa da ƙwarewa don ƙirƙirar irin wannan sassaka mai ban mamaki, da kuma amfani da tagulla a matsayin kayan farko na ƙara girma da dorewa.

Samar da abin tunawa ya kasance mai tsayi da tsari mai zurfi. An umurci wani sculptor na Faransa Étienne Maurice Falconet ya ƙirƙira wannan mutum-mutumi, kuma ya ɗauki sama da shekaru 12 yana gamawa. An ƙaddamar da abin tunawa a cikin 1782, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun alamomin St. Petersburg.

Duk da cewa ba a samun ainihin kuɗin da ake kashewa na samar da kayayyaki, amma an san cewa Catherine Babba ce ta ɗauki nauyin gina wannan abin tunawa, wadda ta kasance majiɓinci a fannin fasaha kuma mai goyon bayan gadon Peter Mai girma.

Abin tunawa da Horseman na Bronze yana da mahimmancin tarihi da al'adu a Rasha. Yana wakiltar ruhun majagaba na Peter Mai Girma, wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kawo sauyi da zamanantar da kasar. Mutum-mutumin ya zama alama ce ta birnin da kuma karrama daya daga cikin manyan shugabannin kasar Rasha.

Ziyartar Gidan Tunawa da Doki na Bronze yana ba baƙi damar jin daɗin kasancewarsa mai girma da kuma sha'awar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun da ke cikin halittarsa. A matsayin alamar alama a St.