Bincika Ayyukan Mawaƙin Zamani waɗanda suke tura iyakokin Tagulla na Tagulla Tare da Sabbin Dabaru da Ra'ayoyi.

Gabatarwa

Hoton tagulla, tare da mahimmancinsa na tarihi da kuma jan hankali, ya tsaya a matsayin shaida ga nasarorin fasaha na ɗan adam a tsawon shekaru.Tunawa da wayewar zamani, tagulla ya sami daraja don dorewa, juzu'insa, da kyawawan halaye, yana mai da shi matsakaicin matsakaici don ƙirƙirar zane mai girma uku.

Fasahar sassaken tagulla ta samo asali ne daga tsohuwar Mesopotamiya, Masar, da Girka, inda ta bunƙasa a matsayin hanyar dawwama da alloli, masu mulki, da jarumai.ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masanan sun ƙera mutum-mutumin tagulla, suna ɗaukar ainihin abubuwan da suka shafi su tare da haƙiƙanin gaske da cikakkun bayanai.Wadannan sassaka-tsalle sun kasance a matsayin nunin iko, sadaukarwar addini, da kuma al'adu, suna barin tabo maras gogewa a tarihin ɗan adam.

(Motsi a cikin Bronze | Coderch & Malavia)

Yayin da ƙarnuka suka shuɗe, sassaken tagulla ya ci gaba da haɓakawa kuma ya dace da sababbin ƙungiyoyin fasaha da salo.A lokacin Renaissance, masu fasaha irin su Donatello da Michelangelo sun farfado da tsoffin fasahohin yin simintin tagulla, suna haɓaka matsakaici zuwa sabon matsayi na fasaha da fasaha.Zamanin Baroque da Neoclassical sun ƙara haifar da farin jini na tagulla, tare da manyan sculptors kamar Gian Lorenzo Bernini da Antonio Canova suna tura iyakokin magana da motsin rai.

Masu fasaha na zamani sun rungumi sassaken tagulla a matsayin matsakaicin da ke gadar al'ada da sabbin abubuwa.Suna bincika sabbin sifofi, gwaji tare da ra'ayoyi masu ban mamaki, kuma suna ƙalubalantar iyakokin abin da zai yiwu.Ta hanyar kerawa da fasaha, waɗannan masu zane-zane suna ci gaba da numfashi a cikin tagulla, suna cike da ayyukansu da zurfi, rubutu, da labari.

Ƙoƙarin ɗorewa na sassaken tagulla ya ta'allaka ne a cikin ikonsa na ɗaukar tunanin da kuma haifar da motsin rai.Kasancewarsa na zahiri da halayensa na tatsi suna jan hankalin masu kallo, suna gayyatar su don yin la'akari da sigar ɗan adam, bincika ƙayyadaddun ra'ayoyi, ko yin tunani a kan rikitattun ƙwarewar ɗan adam.Ko yana nuna haƙiƙanci ko ɓarna, sculptures na tagulla suna da abin sha'awa wanda ba za a iya musantawa ba wanda ya wuce lokaci kuma yana jan hankalin masu sauraro a cikin tsararraki.

(Ruwa mai zurfi | Philip WakeMan)

A yau, masu zane-zane na tagulla na zamani suna ci gaba da tsara yanayin zane-zane tare da gwanintar su, binciken su na kayan aiki, da ra'ayoyinsu na musamman.Abubuwan da suka ƙirƙira suna gayyatar mu don haɗawa da abubuwan da suka gabata, yin la'akari da halin yanzu, da hasashen makomar gaba, tabbatar da cewa sassaken tagulla ya kasance wani nau'in fasaha da ake so da kuma biki a duniyarmu ta zamani.

Hanyoyin zamani da dabaru a cikin sassaken tagulla

Hoton tagulla na zamani ya ƙunshi salo da dabaru iri-iri, inda masu fasaha da fasaha ke haɗa hanyoyin gargajiya da sabbin dabaru don ƙirƙirar ayyuka masu jan hankali.Wannan hadewar tsoho da sabuwa tana numfasawa sabuwar rayuwa cikin fasahar fasaha, tana jan hankalin masu tarawa da masu sha'awar fasaha iri ɗaya.Dagamanyan gumakan tagullazuwa ƙananan sassa da ake samuwa don siyarwa, waɗannan sassaka-tsalle suna nuna juyin halitta da haɓakar tagulla a matsayin matsakaici.

A cikin sassaken tagulla na zamani, masu fasaha sukan bincika jigogi masu ma'ana da ra'ayi, suna tura iyakoki na tsari da magana.Suna gwaji tare da sifofin da ba na al'ada ba, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwa, da dabarun simintin gwajin gwaji, suna ƙalubalantar ra'ayoyin gargajiya na sassaka.Waɗannan sababbin abubuwa suna haifar da ban sha'awa da tunani mai ban sha'awa zane-zane waɗanda ke jan hankalin masu kallo.

Yayin da suke rungumar ƙirƙira, masu fasaha da yawa kuma suna samun ƙwazo daga fasahohin gargajiya da nassoshi na tarihi.Suna girmama al'adun arziƙin sassaken tagulla, tare da haɗawa da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun sana'a da kulawa mai kyau ga daki-daki.Wannan hadewar tsoho da sabo yana haifar da tattaunawa tsakanin da da na yanzu, yana ba da damar zane-zanen tagulla na zamani don haɗawa da tarihin fasaha yayin ba da sabon hangen nesa.

Bugu da ƙari, ci gaban fasaha ya yi tasiri a kan sassaka tagulla na zamani.Masu zane-zane suna amfani da kayan aikin dijital kamar 3D scanning da bugu don ƙirƙirar ƙirƙira ƙira, ba su damar yin gwaji tare da sarƙaƙƙiya nau'i da cikakkun bayanai.Wadannan matakai na dijital suna haɓaka inganci da daidaito a cikin ƙirƙirar sassa na tagulla, suna sauƙaƙe fahimtar ƙira da ƙira.

Samuwarmanyan gumakan tagullakumasculptures na tagulla na siyarwayana nuna kasuwar daban-daban don sassakawar tagulla na zamani.Masu tarawa da masu sha'awar fasaha za su iya bincika salo iri-iri, jigogi, da girma dabam, sa su zama masu isa ga mafi yawan masu sauraro.Ko an nuna shi a cikin wuraren jama'a, tarin masu zaman kansu, ko wuraren tarihi, zane-zanen tagulla na zamani suna ci gaba da jan hankalin masu kallo, suna baje kolin ƙwararrun ƴan wasan fasaha waɗanda ke kewaya tsaka-tsakin al'ada da ƙirƙira.

Fitattun Mawakan Tagulla Na Zamani

• ANISH KAPOOR

Anish Kapoor wani sculptor ne na Birtaniya-Indiya wanda ke aiki da farko a cikin tagulla.Abubuwan sassaka nasa sau da yawa manya ne kuma ba zato ba tsammani, kuma galibi suna bincika jigogi na sarari, haske, da tunani.Kapoor yana daya daga cikin mashahuran masu sassaka da daraja da suke aiki a yau.

Wasu daga cikin shahararrun sculptures na Kapoor a cikin tagulla sun haɗa da "Untitled (1989)", "Cloud Gate (2006)", da "Leviathan (2011)".Wadannan sassaken duk suna da girman girmansu, santsi, filaye masu kyalli, da iyawarsu ta haifar da hasashe.

An baje kolin ayyukan Kapoor a manyan gidajen tarihi da gidajen tarihi na duniya, kuma ya samu lambobin yabo da dama, ciki har da lambar yabo ta Turner a shekarar 1991. Haqiqa shi kwararre ne na musamman kuma na asali, kuma aikinsa na ci gaba da kalubalanci da karfafa masu kallo.

(Anish Kapoor's Untitled)

• TONY CAGG

Tony Cragg wani sculptor ne na Burtaniya wanda ke aiki da farko a cikin tagulla.Abubuwan sassaka nasa sau da yawa su ne m da lissafi, kuma suna bincika jigogi na yanayi, jiki, da muhalli.Cragg yana daya daga cikin manyan masu sassaka da ke aiki a yau, kuma ana baje kolin aikinsa a gidajen tarihi da gidajen tarihi a duniya.

Wasu daga cikin shahararrun sassa nasa sun hada da "Terracotta Heads" (1983), "Torso" (1986), da "Terris Novalis" (1992).Ayyukan Cragg yana da alaƙa da amfani da abubuwan da aka samo, launuka masu ƙarfin hali, da hazakar sa na wasa da ban dariya.Shi gwani ne na mai da kayan yau da kullun zuwa ayyukan fasaha waɗanda duka biyun kamawa ne da haɓaka hankali.

(Sama da Duniya, Lantarki Lisson Gallery)

• HENRY MORE

(Maquette: Spindle Piece)

Henry Moore wani sculptor ne na Biritaniya wanda aka fi sani da shi da zane-zanen tagulla na ƙaramin abu.Ayyukansa yawanci ƙayyadaddun siffofi ne na ɗan adam, galibi suna kwatanta uwa-da-ɗai ko siffa masu kishirwa.Hotunan tagulla na Moore suna da siffa ta nau'ikan halittarsu, sarari mara kyau, da saman santsi.Ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan masu sassaka na karni na 20, kuma har yanzu ana bikin aikinsa a yau.

• KIKI SMITH

Kiki Smith, fitaccen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na zamani, ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga sassaken tagulla.An santa da bincikenta game da jikin ɗan adam da alamarta, zane-zanen tagulla na Smith galibi suna nuna adadi a cikin jihohi daban-daban na canji ko rauni.Ayyukanta sun ƙunshi ma'anar rauni, motsin rai, da zurfin alaƙa ga yanayi da ruhi.Tare da kulawar ta sosai ga daki-daki da iyawar shigar da sassakawarta tare da zurfafan labari, Kiki Smith ta kafa kanta a matsayin fitacciyar mai sassaƙa tagulla na zamani, tana jan hankalin jama'a tare da abubuwan da ta yi tunani da tada hankali.

(Daure da yanayinta)

• LAYIN ARTIS

Artis Lane fitacciyar mai zanen tagulla ce ta zamani wacce aka sani da ayyukanta masu ƙarfi da kuzari.Tare da aikin da ya kwashe shekaru da yawa, Lane ta sami karbuwa don iyawarta ta kama ainihin batutuwanta cikin tagulla.

Abubuwan sassaka nata suna da ma'ana ta gaske da zurfin gaske, suna jan hankalin masu kallo akan matakin tunani.Ƙwararren Lane na tsari da kulawa ga daki-daki yana ba ta damar hura rai a cikin abubuwan da ta ƙirƙira, yana haifar da ma'anar haɗi da zurfafawa.Gudunmawar da ta bayar a fagen sassaken tagulla na zamani ya ƙarfafa matsayinta a matsayin ƙwararren mai fasaha kuma mai tasiri a duniyar fasaha.

(Bust of Bako Gaskiya)